Vocal Fold Cyst

Causes of Vocal Cord Cysts

• Submucosal Gland Blockage: The vocal cords contain small glands within the submucosal layer. When the ducts of these glands become blocked, the secretions accumulate, leading to the formation of a cyst.
• Vocal Cord Trauma: Prolonged or improper use of the voice can cause microtrauma to the vocal cords, which may contribute to the development of cysts. This can occur from activities such as excessive talking, shouting, or singing without proper technique.

• Overuse of the Vocal Cords: Prolonged or frequent use of the vocal cords, especially with improper vocal techniques, can lead to microtrauma and blockage of submucosal glands, resulting in cyst formation. It is widespread in professions that require extensive vocal use, such as teachers, singers, actors, and lawyers.
   
• Improper Vocal Techniques: Incorrect or inefficient vocal techniques can increase strain on the vocal cords, causing localized tissue damage and inflammation, which may promote the development of cysts.
   
• Chronic Laryngitis: Persistent laryngeal inflammation, whether due to infections, allergic reactions, or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), can continuously irritate the vocal cords, increasing the risk of cyst formation.
   
• Smoking: Smoking can irritate and damage the larynx and vocal cords, leading to chronic inflammation and an increased risk of cyst development.
   
• Vocal Cord Trauma: Any vocal cord injury, such as sudden loud shouting or trauma following vocal cord surgery, can contribute to cyst development.
   
• Hormonal Changes: Some research suggests that hormonal fluctuations, particularly in women, can affect the health of the vocal cord mucosa and may be linked to the formation of vocal cord cysts.
   
• Genetic Factors: Although research is limited, some individuals may have a genetic predisposition that makes them more prone to developing vocal cord cysts.