Colonoscopy
General SurgeryGastroenterology Hepatology
Colonoscopy is a medical examination method used to inspect the interior of the colon and rectum. This procedure involves using a long and flexible fiber-optic scope (endoscope) inserted through the rectum to examine the entire colon and assess its condition.
Uses of Colonoscopy
The primary purpose of a colonoscopy is to assist doctors in diagnosing, preventing, or treating diseases in the lower gastrointestinal tract of patients.
Diagnosing Diseases
Colonic Polyps | Detecting and removing potential polyps to prevent them from developing into cancer. |
Colorectal Cancer | Early diagnosis and monitoring of colorectal cancer. |
Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease | Determining the extent and severity of inflammation. |
Intestinal bleeding | Investigating signs of bleeding originating from the colon. |
Preventive Measures
Polypectomy | Doctors can directly remove small polyps during the examination to prevent malignant tumour development. |
Biopsy | Obtaining tissue samples for biopsy to confirm or rule out diseases. |
Therapeutic Procedures
Hemostasis | Performing therapeutic procedures on bleeding areas, such as haemostasis or burning abnormal tissue. |
Dilation | Expanding narrow regions of the colon. |
Colonoscopy Procedure
- Preparation
To clear the colon, patients need to undergo colon cleansing, typically achieved through oral medications or liquid solutions. On the day before or the day of the examination, patients usually need to follow a light diet and may endure a period of fasting.
- Sedation and Anaesthesia
Colonoscopy is usually conducted under sedation to relax the patient, and intravenous anaesthesia may be an option.
- Insertion of Endoscope
The endoscope is inserted through the anus into the rectum and guided through the entire colon. Patients are typically positioned on their left side.
- Examination and Treatment
The doctor observes the internal condition of the colon during the examination and performs therapeutic procedures such as polyp removal or hemostasis as needed.
When to Use Colonoscopy?
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