Kidney Stone

The symptoms of kidney stones vary depending on their size, location, and movement. Common symptoms include:

• Severe pain in the lower back, side, or abdomen, which may radiate to the groin.
• Hematuria (blood in the urine) makes the urine appear pink, red, or brown.
• Pain or burning sensation while urinating.
• Frequent urination or a strong urge to urinate.
• Nausea and vomiting.
• Fever and chills if an infection is present.

Several factors contribute to kidney stone formation, including:

• Dietary habits: A high intake of salt, protein, and oxalate-rich foods increases the risk of kidney stones.
• Dehydration: Insufficient water intake leads to concentrated urine, which promotes stone formation.
• Genetics: A family history of kidney stones increases susceptibility.
• Metabolic disorders: Conditions such as hyperuricemia and hyperparathyroidism increase the risk.
• Obesity: Being overweight is linked to a higher risk of kidney stone formation.

Doctors use the following methods to diagnose kidney stones:

• Imaging tests: X-ray, ultrasound, or CT scan to determine the stone's size and location.
• Urine tests: To check for blood, infection, or mineral components of stones.
• Blood tests: evaluate kidney function and detect metabolic abnormalities leading to stone formation.

Kidney Stone treatment depends on the stone's size, location, and severity of symptoms. Common treatments include:

• Observation & hydration: Small stones (<5mm) may pass naturally with increased fluid intake.
• Medication: Pain relievers and drugs that facilitate stone passage.
• Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL): Shock waves are used to break stones into smaller pieces for easier passage.
• Endoscopic surgery: A minimally invasive procedure where a scope is inserted through the urinary tract to remove or break stones.
• Surgical removal: In severe cases, large or complex stones may require surgical intervention.