Gastric Cancer
Clinical OncologyGeneral SurgeryGastroenterology Hepatology
Gastric Cancer is a common malignant tumour of the digestive system. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, dyspepsia, weight loss, etc. Early screening and treatment are necessary.
Symptoms
- Persistent indigestion
- Loss of appetite
- Unexplained weight loss
- Abdominal bloating
- Stomach bloating after eating
- Vomiting, possibly with blood
- Rectal bleeding or black stools
- Fatigue
Early symptoms of stomach cancer are generally similar to those of gastritis, gastric ulcers, or duodenal ulcers. Moreover, these symptoms may appear intermittently, making it easy for individuals to dismiss them and delay seeking treatment. If there is any suspicion, it is advisable to consult a doctor as early as possible.
Factors
The causes of stomach cancer are still not clearly understood, but the following risk factors may increase the likelihood of developing stomach cancer:
- Male gender
- Increasing age (the risk of stomach cancer tends to be higher after the age of fifty)
- Infection with Helicobacter pylori
- Smoking
- Alcohol consumption
- Dietary habits: Regular consumption of pickled foods and processed meat products
- Personal medical history (presence of stomach polyps, previous stomach surgery, or malignant anaemia)
- Family history (genetic predisposition)
High Risk
In addition to the above risk factors, unhealthy dietary habits such as low intake of fruits and vegetables and lack of fibre, as well as being overweight or obese, should also be paid close attention.
Diagnosis
| Gastroscopy examines the oesophagus, stomach, and duodenum. It is a standard diagnostic method for stomach cancer. Gastroscopy allows the observation of the gastric wall and surrounding organs for any abnormalities. The doctor may also take some tissue samples from the stomach for further examination if necessary. |
Ultrasonography | Endoscopic ultrasonography: Endoscopy can penetrate deep into the body, approaching the source of the disease for ultrasonography. It allows for accurate diagnosis staging of cancer, and the doctor can perform fine needle aspiration to extract cell tissue for further examination and confirmation of the cause. |
Computed Tomography (CT) Scan | Examining the tumour's location |
Treatments
Stomach Resection Surgery | The stomach resection surgery aims to remove the tumour, surrounding tissues, and lymph nodes. Whether the entire stomach needs to be removed depends on the patient's condition. |
Radiotherapy | Using high-energy radiation to eliminate cancer cells. |
Chemotherapy | Killing cancer cells through drugs, but because the drugs have lower selectivity for cells in the body, they not only destroy cancer cells but also damage normal cells, leading to side effects. |
Targeted therapy | Medications are designed for specific characteristics of certain cancerous tumour cells, with fewer side effects than traditional chemotherapy. |
Immunotherapy | It targets specific characteristics of certain cancerous tumour cells. Cancer cells hinder the immune system's ability to recognize cells, allowing cancer cells to proliferate uncontrollably. Immunotherapy helps immune cells re-identify and eliminate cancer cells. |
Side Effects
Complications for stomach cancer patients may include:
- Gastrointestinal bleeding
- Gastric outlet obstruction
- Biliary obstruction, leading to jaundice
- Abdominal distension
Complications after gastric resection surgery may bring about:
- Leakage at the interface
- Symptoms such as vomiting, diarrheal, and dizziness after eating
Chemotherapy side effects: |
|
Prevention
If close family members have been diagnosed with stomach cancer or other cancers, or if someone is diagnosed with stomach cancer at a young age (e.g., below 40), the risk of developing stomach cancer may increase. Additionally, middle-aged individuals are also considered a high-risk group for stomach cancer, and doctors may recommend early gastric endoscopy for screening.
Rferences
- Hong Kong Health Vault - Public Health Information and Statistics in Hong Kong - Stomach Cancer from https://www.healthyhk.gov.hk/phisweb/zh/chart_detail/58/
- Cancer Resource Center - Local Cancers - Common Cancers in Hong Kong - Stomach Cancer from https://www.cancer.gov.hk/tc/hong_kong_cancer/common_cancers_in_hong_kong/stomach_cancer.html
- Cancer Fund - Understanding Cancer - Stomach Cancer from https://www.cancer-fund.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Stomach-Cancer-July-20C-Reprint-Web_s.pdf
- Stomach Cancer | Gastric Cancer Facts and Information | American Cancer Society from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/stomach-cancer.html
HEAL Oncology Centre
We provide a variety of treatment options for gastric cancer, including surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, and traditional Chinese medicine. Our multidisciplinary team of specialists will tailor the best treatment plan for each patient, providing comprehensive and holistic care to ensure you receive the best possible outcomes and support throughout your cancer treatment journey.
HEAL Oncology Centre
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