Dr CHEUNG Chung Yeung

Acute appendicitis refers to a condition where the appendix, a small tubular organ located near the cecum in the colon, becomes acutely inflamed. Acute appendicitis can lead to serious health problems and complications.

Acute Cholecystitis is an acute inflammation of the gallbladder, usually caused by the obstruction of the gallbladder outlet or infection of the bile duct. The infection associated with acute cholecystitis can spread to other areas and even lead to severe systemic infections such as pancreatitis and peritonitis.

Cancer is the generic name given to a cluster of related diseases. In a normal healthy body, human cells grow and divide as the body needs them. When cells become old or damaged, they die and new cells take their place. However, cancer relates to body cells dividing uncontrollably and spreading to neighbouring tissues.

The Bile duct located between the gallbladder and the duodenum event has a small size, but it has the potential to develop into cancer as know as “Cholangiocarcinoma”, with the risk varying by region. Generally, the older a person is, the higher the likelihood of developing the disease. According to data from the American Cancer Society, the average age of diagnosis for intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is 70 and 72 years, respectively.

Colonoscopy is a medical examination method used to inspect the interior of the colon and rectum. This procedure involves using a long and flexible fiber-optic scope (endoscope) inserted through the rectum to examine the entire colon and assess its condition.

Constipation is a common ailment among urban dwellers. Besides being influenced by dietary habits, lifestyle, and physiological factors, other disease-related factors can lead to constipation. Once constipation becomes a severe issue, it may give rise to anal problems, bowel obstruction, and an increased risk of colorectal cancer, making it a matter not to be taken lightly.

When gastrointestinal motility is weakened, causing constipation, the pressure in the large intestine increases during defecation, causing the intestinal mucosa to be squeezed out of the muscle layer, forming a small bag (diverticulum). Diverticulitis occurs when faeces fall into the diverticulum of the large intestine and become faecal stones, which then irritate surrounding tissues, cause intestinal bacterial infection, and lead to inflammation of the mucosal wall.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) combines endoscopy and X-ray technology. It involves inserting an endoscope orally, passing through the oesophagus and stomach to reach the second part of the duodenum. A catheter is then used to inject a contrast medium into the bile and pancreatic ducts to diagnose and treat blockages in the pancreas or bile duct.

Fatty Liver Disease (formerly known as Steatohepatitis) is a condition in which the liver accumulates more than 5% of its own body mass in fat.

Gallstones are solid structures formed in the gallbladder, typically composed of bile, cholesterol, bilirubin, and calcium salts. On the other hand, bile duct stones may be lodged in the bile duct or formed within it. Without treatment, there is a chance of causing pain, inflammation, and even complications, posing a threat to health.

Gastric Cancer is a common malignant tumour of the digestive system. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, dyspepsia, weight loss, etc. Early screening and treatment are necessary.

Gastritis is a common gastric disease, manifested by abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, vomiting, etc. It requires attention to diet and treatment.

Gastroscopy, or Endoscopy or OGD, is a medical examination method. It involves inserting a flexible and bendable fibre-optic scope (endoscope) through the patient's mouth and entering the oesophagus, stomach, and duodenum to examine the condition of these organs.

Haemangioma is a kind of tumour formed by abnormal proliferation of blood vessel tissues. It can be classified as Capillary Haemangioma, Spongy Haemangioma, etc. It requires treatment according to the situation.

Haemorrhoids is a disease of varicose veins around the anus, manifested by anal pain, burning sensation, bleeding and other symptoms. People need to pay attention to the development of haemorrhoids to prevent constipation and lifestyle improvement.

Hernia occurs when organs, tissues, or fat from within the body protrude through an opening or weak spot in the body wall, forming a visible lump or swelling, often accompanied by discomfort, bloating, pain, or other symptoms. Hernias typically do not resolve on their own and may require surgical treatment to repair the affected area and prevent dangerous complications such as intestinal obstruction or necrosis.

Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive surgical technique that involves inserting a laparoscope and other surgical instruments through one or several small incisions in the abdomen to examine and perform surgery on internal organs. A laparoscope is a long, tube-like instrument with a light source and camera at one end, which transmits images from inside the body to an external monitor, allowing doctors to view the internal situation.

Liposuction is a type of plastic surgery that uses an attractive force to remove localized fat, and is suitable for cases of localized fat accumulation.

Liver cancer is a common malignant tumour primarily caused by hepatocellular carcinoma or angiosarcoma of the liver and requires attention for prevention and treatment.

Pancreatic Cancer is a malignant tumor with early symptoms of abdominal pain, weight loss, etc. It is difficult to treat and requires prevention and treatment.

Pancreatitis is when the pancreas undergoes inflammation due to tissue damage and can be categorized as acute or chronic. Pancreatitis is a serious disease with the potential to lead to severe complications, organ failure, and even death. Swift diagnosis and treatment are essential.

Rectal prolapse refers to the partial or complete protrusion of the rectum falling or descending below the anal opening. Rectal prolapse can lead to faecal incontinence, and the exposed rectal mucosa is susceptible to bacterial infection, increasing the risk of disease.

Bladder cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the cells inside the bladder, which is a hollow organ that stores urine. Most bladder cancers originate from the epithelial cells lining the inner walls of the bladder, known as transitional cell carcinoma (also called urothelial carcinoma). Many bladder tumours resemble small mushrooms, initially appearing on the surface layer of the bladder lining as papillary tumours. These tumours typically grow within the bladder lining initially, but over time, they may spread into the bladder's muscle wall and other parts of the body.